Organiser:
Michael Gatzoulis
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Faculty
Teji Akagi
Okayama University Hospital, Japan
Teji Akagi
Okayama University Hospital, Japan
Doctor Teiji Akagi is Head, Professor of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. He is the Vice President of Japanese Society of Adult Congenital Heart Disease. He graduated Kurume University, Kurume, Japan in 1984. He had research fellowship in division of cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada from 1989 to 92. Since 2004, he works in Cardiac Intensive Care Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. His major is catheter intervention of congenital heart disease, adult congenital heart disease. He also has many important works about Kawasaki disease, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac imaging and hemodynamics.
Research: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/71281400_Teiji_Akagi
Harith Alam
Guy’s St Thomas and Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Dr Harith Alam
Consultant Cardiologist
Guys’ & St Thomas’ and Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS foundation Trust
Trained at Oxford Medical School, before junior medical rotation in Northampton and cardiology training in North-West London. Research and publications in cardiac MRI measurement of iron overload and imaging in congenital heart disease. Subspecialist expertise and interests in ACHD and multimodality congenital and non-congenital imaging including congenital echo, TOE, perioperative & critical care echo, CMR and cardiac CT.
Sonya Babu-Narayan
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Dr. Sonya Babu-Narayan
Honorary consultant cardiologist & Clinical senior lecturer, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
Hospital: Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
Dr Babu-Narayan obtained a first class honours BSc degree in Neurosciences (1994) at University College London, before completing her MB BS medical qualification. She was awarded the Merit in Clinical Medicine (1998) and the Archibald Ferguson Prize for Personal Qualities in Patient Care (1998).
In 2001, Dr Babu-Narayan was awarded Membership to the Royal College of Physicians; MRCP (UK) after continuing her adult medicine training in Oxford. During 2005-2010, she trained in cardiology at Royal Brompton, Chelsea and Westminster, Great Ormond Street (paediatric cardiology) and the Heart hospitals. In January 2012, she was appointed as consultant cardiologist and senior lecturer.
Margarita Brida
Zagreb University Hospital, Croatia
Dr Margarita Brida MD PhD
Specialist of Internal Medicine and Cardiology
University Hospital Cetnre Zagreb, Croatia
Margarita Brida graduated from University of Zagreb School of Medicine where she also completed her specialization in Internal Medicine and Cardiology, and her doctoral postgraduate study. She underwent two-year Fellowship in Adult Congenital Heart Disease at the University Hospital Muenster, Germany and Royal Brompton Hospital London, UK. She also graduated from Harvard, Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program. She is currently working as a Consultant Cardiologist at the tertiary Centre for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) in Croatia, and she is a Vice President of the Croatian Society of Cardiology Working Group for Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Furthermore, she holds a visiting research position at Imperial College of London and Royal Brompton Hospital. She is publishing scientific papers in high impact cardiology journals. Her main fields of interest are echocardiography and imaging, heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension in ACHD. Her current work is focused on further clinical and academic development of ACHD in Southeastern European region through collaboration, national, multinational data/registries, future research in the field, and scientific meetings. As a part of these on-going efforts, she was director of ESC EuroGUCH meeting in April 2019 in Zagreb, Croatia. She is also official Nucleus Member of the ESC Working Group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease.
Craig Broberg
OHSU Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, USA
Craig Broberg
Craig S. Broberg, M.D.
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine
Victor Menasche Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine
Director, Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program
Werner Budts
Leuven University, Belgium
Werner Budts
University Hospitals (UZ) Leuven, Leuven (Belgium)
Speciality : Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology
Experience
KU Leuven: 18 years 10 months
Chair Department Cardiovascular Sciences: 2016 – Present4 years
MD PhD Full Professor Faculty of Medicine: Oct 2001 – Present18 years 10 months
UZ Leuven
MD PhD Head of Congenital and Structural Cardiology
UZ Leuven: 1996 – Present24 years
David Celermajer
University of Sydney, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Prof David Celermajer
Professor of Cardiology
University of Sydney, Australia
Director of Adult Congenital Heart Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia
First Class Honours, University Medal for 1st in graduating class, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, 1983
Rhodes Scholarship for New South Wales, 1983
World Debating Champion 1983 (Princeton, NJ); World Debating and Public Speaking Champion 1984 (Edinburgh, UK)
RT Hall Prize for most outstanding contribution by a senior cardiac investigator, awarded by the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, 1998
Eric Susman Medal for most outstanding contribution to any branch of Internal Medicine, award by the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, 1998
Commonwealth Health Minister’s Award for Excellence in Health and Medical Research, for outstanding lifetime contribution, 2002
Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science since 2006
Simon Dack Award for excellence in cardiology (from the ACC) in 2010
NSW Health Minister’s Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cardiovascular Research, 2012
Appointed Officer of the Order of Australia 2014 for lifetime services to heart health of children and adults
Current H-index over 100, career citations over 50 000
Natali Chung
Guy’s St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
Dr Natali Chung
Consultant Cardiologist
- Qualified from St George’s Hospital Medical School, London.
- After training in general medicine and general cardiology she gained specialist training in adult congenital heart disease at Great Ormond Street, St Thomas’ and Royal Brompton Hospitals.
Area of expertise: cardiology and adult congenital heart disease
Gerhard Diller
Munster University & Royal Brompton/Kings College, Germany/UK
Dr Gerhard-Paul Diller
Dr Gerhard-Paul Diller, Senior Lecturer in Heart Disease,
Munster University & Imperial College, London, UK & Germany
Chelsea Wing Royal Brompton Campus
Publications
Babu-Narayan SV, Diller G-P, Gheta RR, et al., 2014, Clinical outcomes of surgical pulmonary valve replacement after repair of tetralogy of fallot and potential prognostic value of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Circulation, Vol:129, ISSN:0009-7322, Pages:18-27
Broberg CS, Van Woerkom RC, Swallow E, et al., 2014, Lung function and gas exchange in Eisenmenger syndrome and their impact on exercise capacity and survival, International Journal of Cardiology, Vol:171, ISSN:0167-5273, Pages:73-77
Kempny A, Dimopoulos K, Alonso-Gonzalez R, et al., 2013, Six-minute walk test distance and resting oxygen saturations but not functional class predict outcome in adult patients with Eisenmenger syndrome, International Journal of Cardiology, Vol:168, ISSN:0167-5273, Pages:4784-4789
Tutarel O, Kempny A, Alonso-Gonzalez R, et al., 2013, Congenital heart disease beyond the age of 60: emergence of a new population with high resource utilization, high morbidity, and high mortality., Eur Heart J, 0195-668X
Kempny A, Fernandez-Jimenez R, Tutarel O, et al., 2013, Meeting the challenge: The evolving global landscape of adult congenital heart disease, International Journal of Cardiology, Vol:168, ISSN:0167-5273, Pages:5182-5189
Kostas Dimopoulos
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Professor Kostas Dimopoulos
- Consultant cardiologist , Professor of practice – adult congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertensionProfessor Kostas Dimopoulos is a consultant cardiologist and Professor of Practice in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) at Imperial College London.Areas of expertiseProfessor Dimopoulos’ main areas of expertise are ACHD, including:
- valve disease
- congenital heart defects and complex cardiovascular anatomy
- heart failure
- invasive hemodynamic assessment
- exercise physiology
- epidemiology and prognostication in ACHD.
He is also an expert in PH of all types, including:
- PH related to congenital heart disease (eg Eisenmenger syndrome)
- idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- chronic thromboembolic disease
- PH related to other conditions.
He is fully trained in general adult cardiology.
Professor Dimopoulos has been a senior clinician in the ACHD and PH service at the Royal Brompton Hospital since 2009. Before this, he supported the complex echocardiography service for almost two years.
He runs ACHD and PH clinics and diagnostic catheterisation sessions. He also cares for in-patients with ACHD and PH.
He supports shared care PH clinics at Southampton General Hospital, the John Radcliffe Hospital (Oxford) and Royal Berkshire Hospital (Reading).
He has been a senior lecturer with Imperial College London since 2011 and has been heavily involved in clinical research and the education of young doctors
Sabine Ernst
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Dr Sabine Ernst
- Title: Consultant cardiologist, Reader in cardiology, Imperial College London and Lead for electrophysiology researchHospital: Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustDr Ernst is one of the pioneers of remote magnetic navigation. She has established this technique from its initiation to becoming a clinical routine procedure using state-of-the-art equipment including advanced 3D-mapping techniques. Patients with congenital heart disease, complex anatomy and arrhythmias especially benefit from the technique and form a major part in Dr Ernst’s clinical work.More recently, Dr Ernst’s research has focused on novel imaging techniques to visualise the autonomic nervous system. This aims to better understand the nervous system’s role in the development and management of cardiac arrhythmias.
Michael Gatzoulis
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Prof Michael Gatzoulis
Prof Michael Gatzoulis
Professor of Cardiology
Expertise
Professor Gatzoulis is the academic head of the Adult Congenital Heart Centre and the Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension at Royal Brompton Hospital and a professor of cardiology, congenital heart disease at the National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London.
His research interests include congenital heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart disease and pregnancy.
Says Professor Gatzoulis: “My key objective is to promote the needs of patients with congenital heart disease, including delivery of the best care, translationary research, training and education.”
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International training
Professor Gatzoulis is a graduate of the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece, and completed his post-graduate training in London (including his Imperial College PhD) and in Toronto, Canada.
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Visiting professor
Professor Gatzoulis attends national and international meetings and has acted as a visiting professor at a number of international institutions including Harvard, Stanford, Vanderbilt Universities, the University of Athens, the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki and the Japan Heart Institute.
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Professional bodies
He is the past president of the International Society for Adult Congenital Cardiac Disease (ISACCD) the largest professional body in the field. He also holds executive or advisory board positions in other professional bodies, including the International Committee of the American College of Cardiology.
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Conference
Professor Gatzoulis is director of one of the most established conferences in adult congenital heart disease, the Advanced Symposium on Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult.
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Teaching
Professor Gatzoulis is leading one of the largest international clinical training and research programmes in this expanding cardiovascular field. He is currently the main supervisor of seven fellows, three of them completing their PhDs.
Professor Michael Gatzoulis and Dr Kostas Dimopoulos led an international master class in pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease at Royal Brompton in June 2013. Twenty senior cardiologists from around the world attended and joined both theoretical and practical sessions on this topic.
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Publications
He has served as associate editor, guest editor or reviewer for most major journals in the cardiovascular field. He is also the author of over 150 peer-reviewed publications (including papers in Nature, New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet and Circulation).
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Editor
He has edited several cardiology textbooks and was the chief editor of Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Diagnosis and Management, the world’s best selling title in this growing cardiovascular sector.
Professor Gatzoulis was responsible for the content of the thorax section of the 40th edition of the iconic medical textbook Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, published in 2008.
Ekkehard Grünig
Heidelberg Medical University, Germany
Prof Ekkehard Grünig
Head of Pulmonary Hypertension
Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University
Ekkehard Grünig, MD, is Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Heidelberg, Germany. Since September 2007, he is Head of the Pulmonary Hypertension Unit of the Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH at Heidelberg University Hospital. Prof. Grünig is a member and a scientific advisor of the self-help group “Pulmonary Hypertension PH e.v.” in Germany, and is the speaker of the PH-DACH consortium of PH experts of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Hong Gu
Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
Prof Hong Gu
Hong Gu currently works at the Pediatric Cardiology Departement, Capital Medical University. Hong does research in Pulmonology, Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiology. Their current project is ‘[Inhaled iloprost during acute pulmonary vasodilator testing for preoperative assessment of surgical operability of congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension]’.
Andreas Hoschtitzky
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Mr J Andreas Hoschtitzky
Consultant paediatric and adult cardiac surgeon
Mr J Andreas Hoschtitzky is a consultant paediatric and adult cardiac surgeon based at Royal Brompton Hospital.
Mr J Andreas Hoschtitzky studied medicine at Leiden University Medical School in the Netherlands. He then did his post-graduate training in cardiac surgery in London, Bristol and Manchester with congenital cardiac fellowships at Great Ormond Street and Evelina Children’s Hospitals in London.
Before joining the Trust, Mr Hoschtizky worked as the clinical lead for the regional Northwest of England and North Wales adult congenital heart disease programme, based in central Manchester. He also worked as an honorary paediatric cardiac surgeon at Alder Hey Children’s Hospital until 2017 when he joined the Trust.
Mr Hoschtitzky is also currently working to set up a new, self-sustainable congenital cardiac surgery service for the north-east of Brazil, in conjunction with the International Children’s Heart Foundation.
Aleksander Kempny
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Aleksander Kempny
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Position: Consultant cardiologist
September 2016 – present: Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
Cardiology United Kingdom
Position
Consultant cardiologist
November 2015 – October 2016: Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
London, United Kingdom
Position
Consultant cardiologist
Adrienne Kovacs
OHSU Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
Dr Adrienne Kovacs
Psychologist, Associate Professor
Oregon Health & Science University
Director of behavioural cardiovascular program at Knight Cardiovascular Institute at Oregon Health & Science University; over 90 peer reviewed publications; over 100 invited national/international presentations; president-elect of the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease.
Irene Lang
Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Irene Lang
Medical University of Vienna, Austria
know-how and research interests:
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Hemodynamics, Vascular Resistance, Vascular Impedance, Vascular Biology, acute myocardial infarction, myocardial regeneration, thrombosis, vascular occlusion.
research topic:
mechanisms of vascular occlusion
techniques and infrastructure of the research group:
→The participant’s group is experienced in cardio-pulmonary medicine, hemodynamic assessment and interpretation, vascular interventions, hemodynamic testing, pulmonary and systemic angiography, oxymetry, compliance and resistance measurements, as well as in pulmonary vascular biology. Accordingly, the applicant is providing access to a fully equipped catheter laboratory, including nitric oxide administration, soft- and hardware for upstream resistance measurement, a pulmonary vascular outpatient clinic, and a vascular biology laboratory.
Wei Li
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Dr Wei Li
Consultant in adult congenital heart disease echocardiography
Dr Wei Li is a consultant in adult congenital heart disease echocardiography based at Royal Brompton Hospital.
Dr Wei Li studied at Peking Union Medical College, where she received her MD and a PhD at Imperial College, where she was awarded the Fielding Medical Scholarship.
Since then, Dr Li has acquired over 20 years’ experience in congenital heart disease and echocardiography. She is the clinical lead for echocardiography in adult congenital heart disease and for pulmonary hypertension at Royal Brompton Hospital.
For me, the patient is of paramount importance. Non-invasive echocardiography offers unique insights that help patients in their successful long-term care.
Thomas Luscher
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, Imperial College, London, UK
Prof Thomas Lüscher
Director of Research, Education & Development
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust
Studied medicine in Zurich, Switzerland. Postgraduate training there and at Mayo Clinic, USA. Professor of Pharmacotherapy, Basel University, then Professor of Cardiology, Bern, then Zurich and now London. Broad clinical and research interest, highly cited scientist, editor of journals and textbooks.
Baroness Sally Morgan
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Fernando Riesgo-Gill
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Fernando Riesgo-Gill
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Dr Fernando Riesgo Gil is a consultant cardiologist in heart failure, transplantation and mechanical circulatory support at Harefield Hospital.
Dr Fernando Riesgo Gil is a consultant cardiologist in heart failure, transplantation and mechanical circulatory support at Harefield Hospital.
Dr Riesgo Gil graduated from the School of Medicine at the University of Autonoma in Madrid, Spain, and completed his specialty training in cardiology at the Hospital Universitario de la Princesa in Madrid.
In 2015, Dr Riesgo Gil completed a two-year Fellowship in advanced heart failure at the Mazankowski Heart Institute of the University of Alberta in Canada. He then completed his one-year Fellowship in adult congenital heart disease at Royal Brompton Hospital in 2016.
Since 2016, Dr Riesgo Gil has worked as a clinical fellow, senior clinical fellow, locum consultant and consultant cardiologist in the transplant unit at Harefield Hospital. He specialises in heart failure, heart transplantation and mechanical circulatory support. He also collaborates with the Adult Congenital Heart Disease unit at Royal Brompton Hospital to assess patients that may need transplantation.
Jolien Roos-Hesselink
Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Prof. Dr. Jolien Roose-Hesselink
Director of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Programme
Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Jolien Roos-Hesselink is Professor of Cardiology at the Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. She is director of the Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Her clinical work and research involves Congenital Heart Disease, Aortic disease and Pregnancy and maternal cardiac disease.
She has authored and co-authored over 300 scientific publications and mentored 15 PhD students. She is chair of the ESC working group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease. She is PI of several studies, including a large prospective worldwide Registry On Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC), a gender study on aorta pathology and a large prospective study on biomarkers in Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Furthermore she was the co-chair of the Taskforce on ESC guidelines on Pregnancy and Cardiovascular disease.
Eric Rosenthal
Guy’s St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
Eric Rosenthal
Consultant paediatric and adult congenital cardiologist
Eric Rosenthal was appointed as consultant paediatric and adult congenital cardiologist at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in 1996 after training in both adult and paediatric cardiology at Guy’s Hospital.
He is the clinical lead for the congenital catheterisation laboratory and the congenital electrophysiology service.
He regularly lectures both nationally and internationally on:
paediatric cardiology
interventional catheterisation
electrophysiology
radiofrequency ablation
pacemaker and defibrillator implantation.
He has written more than 150 journal articles and chapters in textbooks of paediatric cardiology and interventional catheterisation.
Darryl Shore
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Mr Darryl Shore
Mr Darryl Shore is consultant cardiac surgeon at the Trust. He is recognised internationally as an expert in the surgical management of adults with congenital heart disease.
In April 2013, Mr Shore was honoured with the appointment as adjunct professor at the National Heart and Lung Institute in recognition of his contribution and close working relationship with Imperial College.
Experience
He has practiced in many areas of cardiothoracic surgery, including surgery for coronary artery disease, aortic and aortic valve disease and congenital heart disease.
Mr Shore was appointed consultant cardiac surgeon at Royal Brompton Hospital in 1987, after being a consultant at Southampton General Hospital.
He has held many senior management positions and is currently acting director of the heart division at Royal Brompton Hospital.
Teaching
Mr Darryl Shore is the author, or co-author, on many papers on congenital heart surgery. He has delivered many lectures on this subject worldwide.
Andre Simon
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Andre Simon
Royal Brompton & Harefield Trust, London, UK
Mr André R Simon is a consultant cardiac surgeon and director of heart and lung transplantation and ventricular assist devices at Harefield Hospital.
Mr André R Simon undertook his training at:
Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany
Harvard Medical School, USA
Hannover Medical School, Germany
Once qualified in cardiac and thoracic surgery, he continued his training, completing his doctorate (Christian Albrechts University), and a Higher Doctorate of Medicine (Hannover Medical School).
At Hannover Medical School, he worked as an attending cardiac surgeon (2003-2010). He was also director of the Hannover Thoracic Transplant Program (2007-2010). He was pivotal in the clinical development of minimally invasive lung transplantation there.
Between 2009 to 2010, he was director at the European Academy for Organ Transplantation (EUCAT). This is part of the Integrated Treatment Centre, based at Hannover Medical School. The centre, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, was founded in 2009.
Daniel Tobler
Basel University, Switzerland
Dr Tobler
Consultant Cardiolist
University Hospital Belfast
Dr. Tobler attended medical school at University of Basel, Switzerland. He completed his cardiology training at the University of Basel, Switzerland. He did additional training in adult congenital heart disease at the University of Toronto (Toronto, Canada). He is a staff cardiologist in Basel, Switzerland. His areas of expertise include adult congenital heart disease, heart disease in pregnancy, and echocardiography.
Gruschen Veldtman
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Prof Gruschen R Veldtman
Consultant Paediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Cardiologist
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Dr Veldtman is a congenital heart physician with now over 24 years experience. His main interests are in single ventricle physiology and the Fontan circulation as well as other form of complex congenital heart disease and pregnancy cardiology.
Dr Veldtman currently works at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh Saudi Arabia where he leads the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Team.
Jayne Wood
Royal Brompton & Royal Marsden Hospitals, London, UK
Dr Jayne Wood
Consultant Palliative Medicine & Clinical Lead for the Symptom Control & Palliative Care Team and Divisional Medical Director Cancer Services
The Royal Brompton & Royal Marsden Hospitals
Dr Wood is the Clinical Lead for The Royal Marsden Symptom Control and Palliative Care Team and is also responsible for providing the Consultant level support to the Specialist Supportive and Palliative Care Team to the Royal Brompton Hospital.
Over the past 10 years, Dr Wood has worked closely with the teams based at the Royal Brompton Hospital to provide support to patients with specialist palliative care needs and has spoken nationally and internationally on the subject of early integration of specialist palliative care for patients with a diagnosis of cancer, heart and lung disease.
She is also the Divisional Medical Director for Cancer Services at The Royal Marsden Hospital (NHS Foundation Trust) and is a member of both the ESMO Supportive and Palliative Care Faculty and the ESMO Designated Centres Working Group.
John Wort
Royal Brompton & Imperial College, London, UK
Dr John Wort
Consultant in pulmonary hypertension and intensive care medicine
Dr John Wort is a consultant in pulmonary hypertension and intensive care medicine at Royal Brompton Hospital.
Dr John Wort studied chemistry at St Anne’s College, Oxford before studying medicine at University College London. He qualified in 1993, and carried on with specialist training. He finished training in 2005 with a CCST in respiratory, intensive care and general medicine.
He completed his PhD at Imperial College London in 2003. He studied the pathological mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension.